Important Thinkers of Management Their Contribution

Introduction amp; trends in HR 1-â€Å"The point is that these differences demand attention so that each person can maximize his or her potential, so that organizations can maximize their effectiveness and so that the society as a whole can make the wisest use of its human resources† (Cascio). 7-S framework created by McKinsey amp; Company distinguishes seven components in a company’s architecture: strategy, structure, systems, staff, style, skills and shared values. PF Drucker had remarked that â€Å"man, of all the resources available to man, can grow and develop purpose of human resource management is to improve the contribution made by people to organizations, (Davis) through effective and efficient use of resources HRM is,†¦show more content†¦Putnam and Diana McLain Smith, advocates an approach to research focusing on knowledge generation and practical problem solving. His main research explored the impact of formal organizational structures, control systems and management on the individual as well as his/her responses. INDIAN MANAGEMENT GURUS -Prahalad, Vijay Govindarajan, Ram Charan and Rakesh Khurana have made it to the Thinkers 50 rankings released in London on Thursday by Suntop Media in association with the European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD). While the previous ranking in 2003 had only two Indians-Sumantra Ghoshal (no. 11) and Prahalad (no. 12)-this years ranking has four. Besides Prahalad, the other three have made it to the list for the first time (Ghoshal died in 2004). These include CEO coach and business advisor Ram Charan (no. 24), Tuck Business School professor Vijay Govindarajan (no. 30) and Harvard Business School professor Rakesh Khurana (no. 33), who Dearlove and Crainer describe as a rising star. 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Developing Countries Experience A Natural Resource Curse

Explain why some developing countries experience a â€Å"natural resource curse† and evaluate the strategies that they can implement to avoid it. The natural resource curse, or the paradox of plenty , is the paradoxical idea that countries and areas with many available natural resources, more specifically non-renewable resources such as minerals and fuels, often tend to have less economic growth and slower development levels than countries with fewer natural resources. It was first noted in 1995 when Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, leading many economists to accept that natural resources might be an obstacle to economic development. Examples of this economic theory are evident in resource rich areas of Africa which, when compared to countries in Europe, are incredibly underdeveloped both socially and economically. Through this essay I will not only seek to explain the reasons behind the natural resource curse, but also to evaluate the possible strategies that could be implemented to avoid it and its effects. There are many reasons behind this economic effect, but arguably the main reason behind the Natural Resource Curse in a given country is the country’s reliance on the export of the raw resources. Because the resource extraction involved in this trade often entails little job creation, unemployment rises as the country focuses all of its efforts on the raw materials and at the same time theShow MoreRelatedIs China A Resources Curse Or A Resource Cure?1938 Words   |  8 PagesChinese investment in Africa a Resource Curse or a Resource Cure? Roody Mossimi INR 6100 Outline I. Introduction A. Chinese Investment in Africa B. History of Chinese trade in Africa C. Impact of financial crisis on Africa II. Resource Curse A. 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Contract Law Offeror And Offeree - Click To Get Solution

Question: Describe about the Contract Law for Offeror and Offeree. Answer: 1. Issue The central issue in the given case is to comment on the existence of lawful consideration and to conclude whether Jack has an enforceable agreement for the given case scenarios Jane offers her vehicle to Jack for free because she was going overseas Jane offers to sell her vehicle to Jack for $25,000 Jane offers to sell her vehicle to Jack for $2,500 Relevant law Valid agreement Valid offer and valid acceptance are the crucial aspects in regards to enactment of a valid agreement between the offeror and offeree. The person who makes the offer is named as offeror and the person who receives the offer and may accept or reject the offer is recognised as offeree as per the common law. It is essential that both the parties must have mutuality of obligations without any suspicion and must be competent enough to enact an agreement. A lawful acceptance from the offeree must be without any demand or condition against the offer. Any acceptance by the offeree covered with other conditions or demand is referred as counteroffer against the original offer (Andrews, 2011). Consideration Consideration is a pivotal component of any enforceable agreement. Consideration is expected by the offeror to the offeree with respect to the exchange of the offer. Consideration can be expressed as something in return against the promise/offer. Additionally, when the offeror does not mention any consideration value of the offer, in such cases the offer/promise is designated as gratuitous promise and results in null agreement (Carter, 2012). The Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge Co Ltd (1915), case is the testimony of the above aspect of the consideration. Any particular activity or favour performed by the offeree in the past would not be considered as an appropriate present consideration (Harvey, 2009). Adequacy of the consideration value is not essential in the enactment of the enforceable agreement. According to the contract law, any agreement becomes enforceable between the parties, when the offeror made a consideration value against the offer and it is noteworthy that t he worth of the consideration is not essential to be comparable with respect to the actual commercial worth of the offer (Latimer, 2005). This can be viewed under the verdict of Chappell Co Ltd v Nestl Co Ltd (1960) case. A piece of paper/ empty wrappers of the chocolates or even a peppercorn can be taken as a valid consideration as may be the discretion of the parties entering the contract. However, in some law cases where the unconscionable activity is incurred, then the adequacy of the consideration amount will be open to the scrutiny and judgement of the court (Lindgren, 2011). Application (Jane Offeror and Jack Offeree) (a) Jane offers her vehicle to Jack as free because she was going overseas Jane is going to reside in foreign land and thus, offers her Lotus Super 7 Sports car to Jack without asking for any return amount against the car. Jack has willingly accepted the offer without asking for the compensation. The commercial value of similar type of vehicle is nearly $25,000. According to the contract law, Jack does not have any enforceable agreement with Jane. The offer/promise formed by Jane is an example of gratuitous promise because of absence of consideration for Jane. The absence of consideration amount against the car results in the agreement being non-enforceable. (b) Jane offers to sell her vehicle to Jack for $25,000 In this case, Jane has offered her Lotus Super 7 Sports car with the compensation price of $25,000 to Jack. This offer and the compensation amount are unconditionally agreed by Jack . The compensation price of the car is same as the commercial price of the car in the market. In this case, all the three essential elements of enforceable agreement are present and enact the enforceable agreement for Jack. This can be viewed from the following facts Offer to sell the car (lawful offer) Accepted the offer without any further term and conditions (lawful acceptance) Compensation in return to the car i.e. $25,000 (valid consideration) This showed that the presence of valid consideration which results in an enforceable agreement between Jane and Jack in this case. (C) Jane offers to sell her vehicle to Jack for $2,500 Jane decides to sell her Lotus Super 7 Sports car to Jack. Hence, she offers her car to Jack with the reimbursement amount of $2,500. However, both the parties are aware that the commercial worth of similar kind car in good condition is nearly $25,000. Despite, this factor she offers her car at $ 2,500. There is a huge difference between the compensation and actual worth of the car. Moreover, Jack has confirmed to pay $2,500 against the car which is a lawful acceptance. The issue that arises in the present case is with regards to adequacy of consideration. Jane has clearly declared the consideration of $2,500 in the exchange of car to Jack but this amount is not same as the actual worth of the car. Moreover, there is no indication of any unconscionable action performed by the parties during the contractual phase, which means the adequacy of the consideration is required only to the satisfaction of the parties which is already present. Hence, the offered value of the car $2,500 is lab elled as valid consideration irrespective of the adequacy. The argument given in Chappell Co Ltd v Nestl Co Ltd (1960) case is the evidence of this fact. Therefore, Jack has an enforceable agreement with the consideration value of $2,500. Conclusion There is no enforceable agreement enacted in the first case due to the absence of valid consideration. In the second and third case Jack has an enforceable agreement with Jane due to presence of valid consideration amount. 2. Issue Considering the facts of the given contract and situational factors, opine on the likely chances of success that North Ocean Tankers stands in the recovery of $ 3 million payment. Rule For the execution of a contract that is legally enforceable and safeguards the interests of the parties, there are a host of requirements that need to be complied with. One factor that is essentially critical is the presence of free will and consent to the various terms that are detailed in the contract. Typically this would be case, when mutual consideration is present for the involved parties and also the terms are fair Carter, 2012). For contracts that seek to serve the interest of the dominant party, consent may not be granted by the other party and hence threat may be used in order to produce consent. The application of threat so as to ensure compliance on the contract terms is defined as duress (Andrews, 2011). As is apparent from the case verdict extended in the Generation Corporation t/as Verve Energy v. Woordside Energy Ltd. [2013] WA SCA 36 case, contracts that have elements of duress can be declared void if the aggrieved party demands so. Further, the aggrieved party id successful in establishing the presence of duress could also ensure recovery of losses on account of entering into the contract that was served to serve the interests of the dominant party (Paterson, Robertson Duke, 2015). The duress concept .has increasingly gained popularity in the recent times as its purview has been expanded from physical duress to also include economic duress which has a high incidence in the modern day transactions driven by commercial interests. In such transactions, the pressure tactics are indirect and physical force is rarely used in a direct manner (Pathinayake, 2014). In order to prove the presence of economic duress, there needs to be an abuse of economic power which typically includes threats regarding breach of contract so as to intentionally delay the contractual obligations fulfilment, Under such circumstances, it is imperative that the aggrieved party should be cornered and in order to safeguard the commercial interest not left with any choice but to comply with the unreasonable demand put up by the dominant party (Taylor Taylor, 2015). While proving that duress was indeed involved in the contract is one aspect, another pivotal aspect that demand discussion is the time during which such incidents should be reported in the court and relief sought through judicial intervention. It is ideal if such claims are filed with minimal delay after contractual duties have been taken care of (Davnport Parker, 2014). However, in case the same is not feasible, then the claim must be field before reasonable time passes by. The reasonable time is specific to every case and is decided by the court by taking into cognizance the specific circumstances and the reasons for delay (Lindgren, 2011). The case verdict of North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron)[1979] QB 705 stands testimony to the significance of timing in the claim filing. Based on the above case facts, the court did establish that the aggrieved party had the right to claim damages caused due to the usage of economic duress by the party in economically superior position. However, the claims were denied since the aggrieved party brought the matter after reasonable time had already been passed since the delivery of the tanker. This delay was of eight months and amounted to automatic approval being given to the unreasonable demand (Harvey, 2009). Application Based on the given situation, an enforceable contract has been entered into with regards to building a tanker. The buyer of the tanker further finds a buyer for the same taking into consideration the expected delivery date promised by the seller. But due to devaluation in the value of USD, the seller approaches the buyer with additional payment request to the tune of $ 3million which is denied as the contract does not provide for any such payment. Later, when the seller threatens with stoppage in the building of tanker, the buyer agrees to pay as it cannot afford delays in delivery. Nine months post the tanker delivery, the buyer now wants to reclaim the $ 3 million extracted under duress. From the case facts, there is no denial that the seller abuses the superior bargaining position to its advantage since delay cannot be affordable for the buyer. Faced by the threat of possible delay and loss of customer, no viable option remained with the buyer but to make the aforesaid payment. It is noteworthy that there was initial denial and reluctance in making payment but later under duress it was made. Hence, economic duress is present which presents an opportunity to the buyer to claim the payment made at the time of the tanker building. However, in bringing this claim, the delay of nine months after delivery seems beyond reasonable time as viewed in the arguments of the North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron)[1979] QB 705 case. Due to this delay, the right to claim does not exist and hence the buyer would not be successful in the recovery of money. Conclusion The claim for a refund of $ 3 million payment would not be successful in this case. References Andrews, N. (2011), Contract Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Carter, J. (2012), Contract Act in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications, Davenport, S. and Parker, D. (2014), Business and Law in Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Harvey, C. (2009), Foundations of Australian law. Victoria: Tilde University Press Latimer, P. (2005), Australian business law, Sydney: CCH Australia Ltd. Lindgren, K.E. (2011), Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, Sydney: LexisNexis Publications Paterson, J., Robertson, A. and Duke, A. (2015), Principles of Contract Law, Sydney: Thomson Reuters Pathinayake, A. (2014), Commercial and Corporations Law, Sydney: Thomson-Reuters, Taylor, R. and Taylor, D. (2015), Contract Law, London: Oxford University Press

The Benihana Restaurants

What the Case Study is About The Benihana case study highlights the operational processes of a Japanese restaurant operating in America. Based on its operational challenges and the problems encountered by the company in expanding into new locations, the case study also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the restaurant.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Benihana Restaurants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In line with this analogy, the article also compares the similarities and differences between Benihana restaurant and other restaurants in the US. To do so, it explains the history and development of the restaurant, and how it has succeeded by using a Japanese restaurant management strategy to guide its operations. Therefore, comprehensively, the case study explains the operational processes of the Benihana restaurant by highlighting its key design features and marketing strategies (Sasser, 1972). Issues Associated with the Case Study Some of the issues associated with the Benihana case study include the operational management efficiencies and brand success strategies of the restaurant. Other issues mentioned in the paper include training, business expansion, organization control, and advertisement strategies of the enterprise (Sasser, 1972). Difference between the Benihana Production Process and that of a Typical Restaurant The production process of Benihana restaurants differs with those of typical restaurants because it uses the hibachi table concept which allows the restaurant staff to prepare food in front of the customers. Rocky (the restaurant owner) introduced this concept in the 1960s after realizing that American customers often wanted to eat in exotic surroundings, but failed to order exotic foods because they did not trust foreign delicacies. Therefore, to mitigate this problem, Rocky introduced the hibachi table concept for his clients to see how they prepare th e â€Å"exotic† foods. This way, he expected the customers to trust foreign delicacies. The â€Å"gamble† paid off because the restaurant achieved tremendous success in this regard. Furthermore, it helped the restaurant managers to reduce their labor costs and maximize the business’s space productivity (Sasser, 1972). Analysis of Production Process (Major Design Choices that Generate Efficiencies) Benihana’s production process mainly centers on cooking through showmanship. This strategy involves the ability to cook food attractively and fast. Other restaurants are unable to adopt this production philosophy, partly because they do not have the skills and refined chefs to do so. For example, a key component of Benihana’s production process is the recruitment of skilled Japanese chefs.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The restaurant recrui ts them from Japan and through a free trade agreement with American authorities; they are allowed to work in the US. They have â€Å"exotic† skills for preparing Japanese foods. As seen in exhibit six of the case study, Benihana restaurants take a lot of time selecting and training these chefs (Sasser, 1972). They have to undergo a gruesome training process that involves a 2-year apprenticeship program in Japan and a comprehensive training program at the Benihana College of Chefs in Tokyo. When the chefs complete their training programs, they come to America when they are prepared to take on the challenging task of preparing food for American clients. Another component of Benihana’s production process is its management structure. Sitting at the helm of the operations department is Bill Susha (the vice president of the company). According to exhibit three of the case study, he oversees the operations of company franchises and company-owned units. However, he is surround ed by a team of agile Japanese and American managers. This blend of employees provides a dynamic understanding of the restaurant management process (Sasser, 1972). The hibachi production process has greatly contributed to Benihana’s success because its competitors are unable to match the same production standards that it provides. This assertion stems from the intense competition that Benihana experiences by operating in the competitive American hospitality industry. In terms of production competencies, other restaurants specialize in providing specialized customer services to a dynamic clientele. Comparatively, Benihana succeeds by operating a simple production process. By using a standard production process, the restaurant almost operates like a â€Å"flow† shop. This production process makes sure it enjoys a high efficiency and low production costs. The key to Benihana’s success is the large menu and the personalized food ordering and preparation processes. T herefore, while the average American customer orders for food and waits for chefs to prepare it in the kitchen, Benihana’s customers order food and watch professional chefs prepare it for them.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Benihana Restaurants specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the restaurant adopts a standard production process, customers can make special requests to the chefs and have their food prepared in an â€Å"exciting† way (Sasser, 1972). This creative production process largely explains Benihana’s success. Benihana restaurants are also unique because they have an authentic historical value. For example, Rocky often disassembled valuable architectural installations from old Japanese houses and shipped them to the US. He used these pieces to decorate the restaurant, thereby giving it an authentic â€Å"Japanese feel† that other restaurants did not have. Alth ough an eatery outlined the main design component of Benihana restaurants, exhibit two shows that a bar was also a key design component of the restaurants (Sasser, 1972). The bar was not an original design feature of the enterprise because Rocky did not see it as playing an instrumental role in the restaurants’ operations. However, over time, he started to appreciate its importance. Consequently, the floor designs of Benihana restaurants have eight seats for bar patrons (Sasser, 1972). New Benihana outlets have more spaces for the bar. Now, it is a key design feature of the restaurants. The customer seating design is another key design feature of Benihana restaurants. The Hibachi seating design allows eight customers to sit around a table. This setting allows strangers to sit next to one another and interact in an environment that would otherwise not have permitted open interactions. The menu is also a key design feature of Benihana restaurants because it is simple (mainly co ntains three components – chicken, shrimp, and steak). The selections of favorite American dishes inform this design. For example, the restaurant reduced the menu components to only three main American dishes – steak, chicken, and shrimp. This process increased the organization’s efficiency by reducing storage costs and minimizing waste. In fact, depending on the price of meat, the restaurant enjoys cost efficiencies of up to 35% (Sasser, 1972). Furthermore, the menu comes with standard accompaniments that include rice, bean sprouts, and zucchini (among other food types) (Sasser, 1972).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How I Understand These Issues The Benihana case study highlights issues that revolve around restaurant management processes. The operations management discipline mainly encompasses these issues. For example, it includes marketing, inventory management, employee management, customer service, public relations and such like concepts that are highlighted in the Benihana case study. In line with this reasoning, I believe restaurants should understand that, although their operations management processes may yield positive results, customers are always right. Therefore, their strategic management concepts should show a strong customer focus. Furthermore, restaurants need to have clear goals and appreciate the need for regular updates to their menus and operations. These principles highlight the evolving nature of operations management. If we extrapolate this finding to the Benihana case study, we find out that the Hibachi model should receive regular updates as well. Furthermore, there sho uld be more customer involvement in the restaurant management process. How these issues link with the Theories discussed (Concept and Experience Design) The Benihana case study gives information about the restaurant’s production process. Its main components highlight different management jargon used to explain such production processes. Stated differently, the operational management issues, highlighted in the case study, bring our attention to the expanded applicability of management literature, such as throughput capacity and demand variability, beyond manufacturing sectors (where they are predominantly used). Therefore, the case study shows how such concepts also apply to service-oriented industries. Lastly, the operational management issues, highlighted in the case study, also show how concepts affect operational outcomes. For example, the case study shows how input variations affect restaurant operations. Specifically, it shows how operational management issues affect res taurant profitability. Alternative Approach to Managing the Issues This paper has already shown that efficiency and operations management issues outline the main focus of the Benihana case study. It also shows how the restaurant has used the hibachi food preparation system to improve these key areas. While this strategy has proved to be largely successful, an alternative approach that would provide the same outcome is the â€Å"speedy† service system. Unlike the Hibachi system, which requires a few skilled workers to prepare food, the â€Å"speedy† service system relies on unskilled workers to perform different tasks in the food preparation process (Wilson, 2014). The workers do not need to be knowledgeable about the entire system; they only need to understand one step in this process. This strategy hails from the assembly line process (used in the automotive industry). Instead of having one group of employees who understand all vehicle assembly processes, automotive i ndustries require workers to specialize in only one assembly area. This approach could similarly work in the restaurant business. Besides re-organizing the food preparation process, it could also change the restaurant design and setup. This paper has already shown that Benihana restaurants do not have a kitchen because the food preparation process occurs on the client’s table. The â€Å"speedy† service system would require a kitchen, but unlike conventional restaurants, it would have few, but large, types of equipment for every step of the food preparation process. For example, restaurants that prepare burgers could have only one grill for this purpose. Similarly, the same restaurant could have only one condiment for adding one ingredient in the food preparation process. Many fast-food restaurants have used this food preparation model, successfully. For example, McDonald’s popularity stems from this alternative food preparation approach (Wilson, 2014). Impact of Alternative Approach Unlike the Hibachi strategy, where customers make special requirements to chefs during the food preparation process, the â€Å"speedy† model does not accommodate customized food processes. Workers prepare food in a standard way and all customers get the same quality of food. Compared to Benihana’s Hibachi strategy, this food preparation model shortens the food preparation process and avails it to customers in a relatively shorter time than Benihana restaurants do. References Sasser, E. (1972). Benihana of Tokyo. Web. Wilson, T. (2014). How Fast Food Works. Web. This case study on The Benihana Restaurants was written and submitted by user Alana Gutierrez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The 12 Best Journalism Schools

The 12 Best Journalism Schools SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you have a niche interest like journalism, it can be difficult to find reliable information on the strength of undergraduate programs. To help you get your college search going, we’ve rounded up a list of the best journalism schools out there for aspiring writers, editors, and reporters. Ranking Criteria for Top Journalism Schools College ranking lists can be really helpful if you’re just starting your college search- they’re great if you want to get a general idea of what schools are out there and whether they fit your interests and criteria. The danger comes with using them as the be-all, end-all source of info about college quality- ranking organizations all use different methods for coming up with these lists, and they’re not always transparent about the process. Although this ranking list should also just be used as a jumping-off point, I want to be much more transparent about the process used to compile this list of best journalism schools. First, I started by searching for colleges and universities that have a dedicated journalism major for undergraduates. After that, I took these major criteria into account: School Reputation- Journalism has grown increasingly interdisciplinary as communications and media have changed with technological advances. It’s important that undergraduate students have access to other strong departments within the school as well, so I considered the general reputation of the school when compiling this list. Graduate School Reputation- Although I only listed schools here if they had a dedicated undergraduate program, schools got points if they had a well-regarded graduate department in journalism or communications. Undergraduate students studying journalism will often benefit from faculty and resources from the graduate program. Career Preparation- Journalism is a field where it’s super important to get plenty of hands-on experience before jumping into a career. I looked for schools where students were getting plenty of prep working in the field (e.g. internship opportunities at local or national newspapers or news stations). Class Options- A reputation for providing a strong foundational knowledge is important, but interesting, unique classes are definitely a plus. Journalism classes in more niche subject areas may also signal a creative faculty with greater resources to spare. Alumni- When departments have many notable alumni, that signals a strong alumni network and a strong journalism program. This boosts the reputation of the school and may help out when you’re starting to look for jobs. The Best Journalism Schools The caveats I listed for ranking lists above continue to apply here: although this list was compiled in a transparent (albeit unscientific) way, you should use it primarily as a jumping-off point for your own research. I encourage you to focus less on the strict order of rankings (which is pretty subjective to begin with) and more on the individual characteristics of each school. #1: Northwestern University Journalism is one of the most popular majors at Northwestern, and for good reason. There are many programs in place to ensure that students are well-prepared for careers as journalists. Some of these programs include: The Journalism Residency Program- Students spend time working as reporters or public relations specialists at media outlets across the country (and sometimes even internationally). The Media on the Hill Program- Students serve as mobile journalists and quickly update info on events in DC. Medill Justice Program- Students examine potentially wrongful convictions and look into criminal justice issues. Special courses offered through the school include interesting electives like â€Å"The Googlization of America† and â€Å"Journalism in a Networked World.† Finally, Northwestern hosts one of the top graduate journalism programs in the country in addition to an awesome creative writing program. #2: University of Missouri- Columbia (Mizzou) Mizzou is a large public university that’s well known for its undergraduate and graduate journalism programs. There are over 30 different interest areas (i.e. concentrations) available to undergraduate journalism students, including ones like â€Å"Entrepreneurial Journalism† and â€Å"Magazine Publishing and Management.† If none of the existing interest areas meet your needs, you have the option to design your own. Hands-on opportunities in real-media labs are available to students in each interest area. There are also quite a few relevant student groups on campus, including ones like the Association for Women in Sports Media and the Student Society of News Design. #3: Boston University BU is a well-ranked school in a bustling college town- the area around the school (never mind the school itself) comes with a lot of opportunity. The school itself- which has produced 24 Pulitzer Prize winners- combines a liberal arts background with plenty of pre-professional training in the field. Undergrads have many different focus areas to choose from, including Online Journalism and Magazine Journalism. Students often intern at prestigious Boston-area news organizations like the Boston Globe. Finally, BU boasts a strong journalism master's program, which indicates access to plenty of awesome faculty and other resources. Living in a hub like Boston opens up a lot of professional opportunities. #4: Syracuse University One of the best universities in upstate NY, Syracuse offers eight different undergrad programs in journalism and communications, including Broadcast Digital Journalism and Newspaper Online Journalism. The school maintains several industry partnerships with major communications companies, leading to professional/networking opportunities. Special programs include the SULA Semester (Syracuse University Los Angeles), where students spend a summer living and working in LA. #5: UT Austin Journalism is a popular major at UT Austin, but there are also many helpful supporting departments, including Communication Media Studies and Digital Communication. Journalism at UT Austin- which boasts 18 Pulitzer Prize winning alumni- emphasizes digital skills training for all its students. The school's Specialty Communications Career Services Center helps journalism students find internships and jobs. There are also many relevant student groups on campus, including University of Texas Hispanic Journalists and ORANGE Magazine (UT’s student magazine). #6: NYU NYU is a highly-ranked school in general (with a highly-ranked creative writing program to boot). Journalism students at NYU choose between two undergraduate tracks: Journalism and Media Criticism. Both programs focus on professional ethics, the cultural politics of media, the social role of the journalist, and the importance of craft. Students are required to double-major in one additional field of study. This is great if you want a more liberal arts spin to your education, but not so great if you’re sure you just want to focus on journalism. New York City is a great place to study journalism- there are so many prestigious media outlets with headquarters there- but if you have international ambitions, you might be interested in NYU's Journalism Abroad Program: students study and work in Ghana, Czech Republic, China, and England. #7: Arizona State University ASU is a huge public university in a large city with a lot of opportunity for hands-on experience. The Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication offers three bachelor's degree options: Journalism and Mass Communication, Mass Communication and Media Studies, and Sports Journalism. Students get training in live newsrooms under professional journalists. ASU’s PBS station- which reaches 1.9 million households- is also used as a teaching tool for students at the journalism school. At such a large school you'll be sure to find an equally large selection of student groups. Some relevant groups include the Fashion Journalists Club, the National Association of Black Journalists, and the Cronkite Cut. Phoenix is more of a metropolis than you might realize- and the area comes with some extra perks. #8: American University American University is located in DC, a perfect spot for aspiring journalists to get work experience (especially if you're interested in politics). In addition to the standard bachelor's degree program, American offers a unique joint BA/MA program. Undergraduate students choose from one of two tracks: Broadcast or Print Journalism. Investigative journalism workshops and practicums are an important part of the program. Other programs offered at the school include communication studies, film media arts, and public communication- all disciplines that play well with journalism. #9: Emerson College Emerson is located in Boston, just blocks from the state house. The program really strives to be proactive in embracing technological advances in the field- it adopted a new multimedia curriculum in 2011. Aside from journalism, other popular majors at Emerson include film, marketing, and digital communication. The college boasts several award-winning on-campus media outlets (including newspapers and radio stations). There is a wide array of interesting student groups, including Captured Emotion (dedicated to documentary and nonfiction work), spec (a group dedicated to the art of screenwriting), and Wax on Felt (a student record company). #10: Ohio University Ohio University offers its students a combination of a liberal arts + professional degree. Its mission statement says the school is committed to providing an education in professional ethics, critical thinking, and responsibility. There's a strong emphasis on the importance of media training while studying journalism. Student media groups on campus include The Post (a daily newspaper), Backdrop (a lifestyle magazine), and the interActvist (a progressive magazine). Bonus Schools These schools didn't meet the criteria to make the list above, but they still make great options for students who are interested in entering the field. Just because they didn't make the official list doesn't mean these schools aren't great places for aspiring journalists! UCLA UCLA doesn’t offer a dedicated undergraduate journalism degree- instead, undergrads can major in â€Å"Communication Studies,† which is much more broad (but still very applicable). Students can take courses in up to 12 different departments. The Communications Studies curriculum includes hands-on field study courses for students' junior and senior years which sounds like a great way to get relevant experience. Columbia Columbia also doesn't have an undergrad journalism major, but you are able to take courses through their top-rated graduate program. Since it's in New York, it comes with the same location advantages of NYU- not to mention that it's a top-ranked Ivy League school with a great creative writing program. How to Choose the Right School Like I mentioned earlier, the rank itself will matter less than whether the school offers everything you’re looking for in a journalism program. Follow these tips to figure out which of the best journalism schools listed above might be the best match for you. Check Out the Curriculum If you have special interests (or even if you don’t), you’ll want to check out the core classes and the available electives for each program. Different schools may also offer various concentrations or tracks within their journalism degree program- if that’s the case, explore those different options. You don’t have to get excited about each and every course (especially when it comes to foundational or required courses), but you want to look for a school whose curriculum is aligned with your own interests. Learn More About Relevant Student Groups When pursuing a degree in journalism, it’s super important to get professional experience as a student- this will help prepare you for your job search. Is there a specific type of media that you’re very excited to work in outside of your classes? Is there a particular subject you’re passionate about working on? Student-run media is the place to do this. Some of these schools have more limited student media options than others. This may not be a problem if a program already has a group you’re interested in, but if not, you might want to check out other programs. Do Your Research on the Faculty The people who will actually be teaching you will make a huge difference in how much you get out of your education. Check out the type of work that they do- many top profs in journalism programs have achieved some serious professional success. You may also want to check out their ratings on ratemyprofessor.com, but remember that students are less likely to leave reviews if they’re generally satisfied with the instructor- you get sort of a skewed perspective with the site, as you do with any ratings platform. Think More About the School in General A journalism program is (usually) only a part of whatever school you attend- your overall experience will also depend on the school more generally. What’s the student body like? Where is the school located? What’s the housing situation? If you aren’t happy with these (very important) aspects of student life at a school, chances are you won’t be happy in the journalism program. To figure out what you should prioritize when looking for a college or university, check out our guide to choosing where to go to college. Finally, keep in mind that it's possible to pursue journalism at almost any school, regardless of whether it has a formal program. The most important thing is that you find opportunities to gain professional experience. You can do this by working at campus media outlets (like newspapers, magazines, or websites) or by seeking work off-campus as a student writer. What's Next? If you're thinking about becoming a journalist, you might also want to check out the top-ranked creative writing programs. Like I mentioned earlier in this article, you don't necessarily need a dedicated journalism program to enter the field. Getting into any top program means top grades, high ACT/SAT scores, and awesome extracurriculars. Check out our guides on those topics before reading more about the college application timeline. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Lord of the Rings Essays

The Lord of the Rings Essays The Lord of the Rings Essay The Lord of the Rings Essay Essay Topic: The Hobbit The Hunger Games Throughout The Hobbit there are several different themes. The main theme in The Hobbit is to always face your fears. Bilbo faces his fears many times during the adventure. That is the main theme because Bilbo and other hobbit are known to not like adventures, or do anything unusual. In the beginning, Bilbo was afraid to even go on the adventure, but by going on the adventure he faced many of his fears. He thinks about not doing many things during the adventure, but yet he faces his fears by doing those things. As they go on he does many things no one would ever expect a obit to do. The setting of The Hobbit is Middle Earth, Well, I should say that you ought to go East and have a look around. After all there is a side-door, and dragons must sleep sometimes, I suppose. (Tolkien, 25). This relates because it describes what Middle Earth is like. The conflict that occurs in this book, is man v. s. Supernatural. An example of that occurring is, He hated dragons and their cruel wickedness, and he grieved to remember the ruin of the town of Dale and its merry bells, and the burn banks of the bright river running. (Tolkien, 50). This quote relates to the theme because it shows what fear Bilbo has to face during the adventure. The plot of The Hobbit is for the dwarves to get their lost treasure back to them. An example of that is, Bilbo knew, of course, that the riddle-game was sacred and of Immense antiquity, and even wicked creatures were afraid to cheat when they played it. (Tolkien, 50). This quote relates because it describes some fears Bilbo had to face to get back their treasure and to get the mountain back. The theme of The Hobbit Is similar to my life In a couple ways. By facing fears, I am rowing, becoming stronger, and living life everyday. By facing fears you also gain courage in many ways. Gaining courage and facing fears makes you a lot stronger, and also gives you more self respect. If you face fears you will not only be facing fears, but also gaining self respect. The theme of facing your fears Is also shown In more contemporary writings, for example In The Hunger Games. In The Hunger Games, Catkins faces many of her fears and makes herself stronger many times. For example, when she first enters the Hunger Games, she has many fears, but once she test used to things she becomes stronger. There are many other stories that use the theme of facing your fears. Hobbit By cheerleader 5 The setting of The Hobbit is Middle Earth, Well, I should say that you ought to go is, Bilbo knew, of course, that the riddle-game was sacred and of immense antiquity, The theme of The Hobbit is similar to my life in a couple ways. By facing fears, I am fears, but also gaining self respect. The theme of facing your fears is also shown in more contemporary writings, for example in The Hunger Games.

Ethanol production in Brazil may drive deforestation in Amazon Term Paper - 1

Ethanol production in Brazil may drive deforestation in Amazon - Term Paper Example Our extreme weather temperatures (heat waves and extreme cold temperatures), super typhoons, droughts, floods, and similar occurrences have all been traced back by scientists and other experts to global warming. Due to these concerns, efforts to cut back on fuel or oil use have also been conceptualized and strong support for the use of alternative sources of fuel has been suggested. One of these methods is the use of ethanol from sugarcane as an alternative fuel source. Ethanol can be blended with or used directly as fuel and its properties create less pollution and environmental damage. Ethanol is already being utilized in different countries, including Brazil, Scandinavia, United States, Germany, Japan, and New Zealand, among others and many car manufacturers have made the necessary adjustments and accommodations in their cars in order to ensure that they would run well on ethanol fuel (Peyton and Nalco, p. 298). The use of ethanol is however, not without its problems. Brazilâ€⠄¢s ethanol is mostly made from sugarcane and some environmentalists have pointed out that the growing demand for the fuel may push sugarcane growers into the Amazon. Hence, the global demand for ethanol may threaten the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, causing large scale deforestation of the area. This paper shall now discuss the negative impacts of the ethanol production in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest. It shall also conceptualize possible solutions in order to alleviate these problems. Surveys reveal that from the years 1960 to 2007, the land area in Brazil planted with sugarcane increased from 1.4 million to 7 million hectares. With this increase in land cover for sugarcane plantations, the production of sugarcane also increased from 45 to 75 Mg/ha. Such an increase in productivity was caused by improved agricultural techniques and improved breeding programs (Martinelli and Filoso, p. 886). In recent years, the increase in

How consumers react to print advertisements on second hand cars that Research Paper

How consumers react to print advertisements on second hand cars that have been labeled as offensive - Research Paper Example The two print advertisements that received the most negative perceptions both contained sexually-oriented body images. The survey also found that advertising perceptions had a significant impact on consumers’ intentions to reject the products and the brands. Introduction Various companies have been using different ways of promoting their products and increasing sales. This will enable them to fulfill the business objectives i.e. profit maximization and maximization of shareholders wealth. One way of creating this product mix is advertising. Advertising is a public promotion of some product or service with the aim of drawing attention and in the process, persuade potential consumers to buy the product or service. Offensive advertisement has been supported by some while others have elicited a lot of controversy. The supporters argue that the world needs controversial adverts because they are usually more creative and therefore easy to remember. Problem Statement This research wa s motivated to take an in-depth look at the adverts that have been regarded as offensive and how it affects the society. With firms increasingly using advertising as a way of boosting sales, there needs to be a way to monitor and give views on what these firms present to the society. Some adverts are educative and very informative but others are offensive and tend to be racist, degrading to women or just insulting. Scope This research will only focus on the offensive ads in the media that have elicited controversy. But the research was conducted on the used cars advert, which features a blonde woman posing seductively. The report will be aimed at establishing views on the morality and sense of such advertisement being aired and printed on papers. The rest of the report... The research looked at the effects of offensive advertising featured by Dale Wurfel Used vehicles on the consumers. The results of the study were mixed. It was expected that the respondents would perceive the advertisements more negatively this was only partly the case. Some considered the ads more often offensive, uncomfortable, disgusting and impolite while others judged them to be more irritating and ridiculous. It seems, however to suggest that consumers are more likely to appreciate the creative elements in the potentially offensive advertisements. Other consumers, however, are likely to appreciate the informative elements in the potentially offensive advertisements. The survey also demonstrates that advertisers in have to be careful when using potentially offensive advertisements. Results indicate that the more negative the ads are perceived, the higher the likelihood of rejecting the products and the brands. This was especially true for some respondents, who showed a significa nt higher tendency to reject the products and the brands. The less creative/appealing the ad was the higher the likelihood of rejecting the products and the brands. The â€Å"creative/appealing† factor was the most important factor to explain and predict the rejection of the products and the brands. To conclude, the survey provides evidence that different consumers in the two cultures react differently to offensive print advertising of a limited type of offensiveness.

William Blakes history and also compare five different poems Essay Example for Free

William Blakes history and also compare five different poems Essay In my essay I will give some information on William Blakes history and also compare five different poems. The poems I will compare are London, The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) with The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience). I will also compare The Lamb with The Tiger. I will explain the poems first and explain what I thought the poem was about when I read it and using this knowledge I will compare. William Blake was a profound genius to some, and a nutcase to others. A British poet, painter, visionary mystic, and engraver were some of his many occupations. Born in 1757 on November 28th William was the third of five children to a successful London hosier. William grew up in Soho, London where he was first educated at home, chiefly by his mother. From the age of 6, William Blake was amazed and intrigued by spirits; angels and ghosts. He saw and conversed with the angel Gabriel, the Virgin Mary and various other historical figures. Blake was always enclosed in his personal visions and always seemed to be in his own world. His visions and beliefs made William the man he was and the way he is portrayed to the world today. William was deeply influenced by gothic art and architecture and this showed in his work. After finishing his apprenticeship Blake set out to make his living as an engraver. After studies at the Royal Academy School, Blake started to produce his own watercolors and engravings for magazines. In 1782, Blake married Catherine Boucher, the daughter of a market gardener. Blakes life, except for three years at Felpham where he prepared illustrations for an edition of Cowper, was spent in London. Blakes poems were long flowing and had urges of violent energy. They were full of power and moments of tenderness. A poem thought to be like this would inevitably be associated with Blake. Blake was not blinded by rules, but approached his subjects wholeheartedly, with a mind not distracted by current affairs. On the other hand this made Blake an outsider. He approved of free love and sympathized with the actions of the French Revolutionaries but the reign of terror disturbed him. He believed that as all men are born equal, that there should be only one social and economic level. Royalty such as Kings and Lords were seen as being in a league with the devil as they regarded themselves as being above other men. Blakes paintings and engravings, notably his illustrations of his own works are realistic in representing the human anatomy and other natural forms. However his paintings were rejected by the public as he was called a lunatic for his imaginative work. Blakes religious beliefs stemmed from a long tradition in Britain of Christian dissenters whom refused to accept the established church. This tradition was opposed to established religion, was suspicious of the monarchy and the role it played in religion and had long railed against corruption and abuse of power in the Church and Monarchy. Blake lived during a time of intense social change. The American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution all happened during his lifetime as well as the vicious backlash to these events by the British establishment. The Revolutions left William Blake disturbed and unsure of what was happening. English poet Appelbaum said, He was liberal in politics, sensitive to the oppressive government measures of his day, and favorably inspired by the American Revolutionary War and the French Revolution (Appelbaum v). As London shows, however, Blake did not entirely approve of the measures taken to forward the causes he longed to advance: London refers to how the hapless Soldiers sigh/ runs in blood down Palace walls Among many other events which took place during the French Revolution, this could possibly refer to the executions of the French royalty. William Blake died on August 12, 1827, and is buried in an unmarked grave at Bunhill Fields, London. Blake wrote Songs of Innocence and Experience in the 1790s. The main theme of the poems came from Blakes belief that children lost their innocence as they grew older and were influenced by the bad ways of the world. Blake believed that children were born innocent and pure but as they grew up, they became experienced as they were influenced by the beliefs and opinions of adults and others around them. When this happened they could no longer be considered innocent and pure. The poems from Songs of Innocence were written from an innocent childs perspective. The poems from Songs of Experience were written from the perspective of a more experienced person. London (Songs of Innocence) Songs of Innocence features the politically powerful poem London. Blake wandered through the streets of London and sees the streets and even the river suffering under political oppression. Everyone he passes, he sees signs of misery and moral weakness. He notices the expressions and emotions ordinary people are feeling. He doesnt just see the misery of the sweep, the soldier, the prostitute or the baby; he also hears it in their cries, sighs and tears. He puts himself in their shoes and sees the churchs spirit blackened as the institution has allowed the fall of beliefs. He is writing about the reality of London and what the war has done to London. He does not see any life in the faces he sees as he walks, he sees faces of weakness and woe as London seems to have been taken over. It seems even the streets and the river Thames have been taken over by the rich, the poor people seem to be there for the rich peoples amusement. For instance, he describes the Thames and the city streets as chartered or controlled by commercial interests. He refers to mind-forged manacles; he talks of the mens faces and their weakness, marks of woe. William is becoming increasingly frightened of what the future holds as diseases are spreading and the public is becoming disillusioned about the reliability and honesty of politicians. William Blake wants to know what happened to the society that London had, when pain and misery was not the only feeling felt. Blake feels owned, like he is a nobody, he feels he does not have the right to be him anymore. He sees the dying soldiers last breath as if it is blood running down the royal palace walls. Blake has never seen such an unhappy era. He talks of marriage and death, which us an oxymoron as they are both opposites to add effect. Everything natural Blake sees as owned. He has no voice to speak out, no freewill and no opinions. Even if he was to try no one would listen. Blake is furious as he sees nature as Gods creations, Blake is angry that people seem to be owning what is not theirs. London seems to be more about society than William Blakes life but it does have an element of his childhood and how society was portrayed to him. He sees it as a struggle for everyone and how everyone puts on a front as if their emotions are locked away. There is a division between the rich and the poor and he does not see why. He does not see why the rich get priority when there are others in need more. I think he uses his childhood to be able to express his feeling as a child and give a direct image of how the division of classes and status caused misery. Compared to the Chimney Sweeper; London is more about society and politics and how he believes people made the wrong decisions. He because of this he has suffered and the children who are growing up will suffer too. The Chimney Sweeper is more about William Blakes childhood and how he was fooled by the world. It is connected to London as politics and society do come in to it. Exploitation is also a theme as in The Chimney Sweeper the little chimney sweepers are being exploited and being taken advantage of and William Blake seems to be standing up for this; in London, he is standing up for the rights of everyone especially those living in poverty. He seems to want to help in both poems and make it better. He seems like a good person who wants to speak out of the terrible conditions because no-one else will. He speaks out by his writing; he says it all in his poems so it is clearer and more effective. The poems are in comparison as they both contain elements of society, politics and the rights of a citizen; or the rights William Blake believes we should have. Both talk about people in different classes; who have different statuses and their rights and responsibilities they should have. God is associated with both of these as William Blake put his faith in to God but no one seems to be getting the life they deserve. However in these poems I dont think God is the only one to blame, politicians and the government seem to of had an effect on William Blake. Enough for him to speak out. The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) William is writing this poem in the perspective of a young boy called Tom. It is almost like William is talking of his own childhood but covering it up by using a different name. This is how William saw life when he was younger and what he thought of what was actually happening. The child monologue of Tom uses an innocent perspective on what is it like for a young boy to be living in such conditions and politically drastic decisions. William uses rhyming couplets to help the poem flow with ease. He talks of young boys working, being exploited and often killed because of the terrible conditions they have to face. He cleverly uses the word weep! By hiding sweep in it. He is using the movement the young boys had to do with the sound they made which was them weeping. I think this is a clever thing to do as it makes you think of what they had to do and how they felt about doing it. William is saying the young boys were not happy and were very scared. In the second stanza, William talks of how he actually sees Tom and what his relationship to Tom is. He talks about how little Tom Dacre cried when his head was shaved but William tries to bring light to this and make it into a joke. William says Hush, Tom! Never mind it, for when your heads bare, You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair. William is trying to make Tom feel better by joking about it, and showing how it is practical for his hair to be shaved but it is like shaving off little Toms purity and innocence. It seems Tom has lost his identity with his innocence. Tom did not like the reality of the institutions and William talks of Tom having bad dreams about the other boys who sweep the chimneys all being locked up in coffins of black. Not coffins of white but coffins of black, showing a sad image of how bad he sees life. William uses the names Dick, Joe, Ned and Jack showing deep down they know their identity, but to others they are nobodies. This is an upsetting view of life for them, as they are so young and have their whole lives to live but honestly they cannot see the point of living. It is a terrible life; all he seems to talk of is death and blackness which should not be the things on a little boys mind. Tom seems to have been blackened by the chimney soot literally and in his mind he seems to be in darkness. He can not seem to see the light anymore. There is a glimpse of hope as William writes about an angel who Tom sees in his dreams: And by came an angel who had a bright key, And he opened the coffins and set them all free; Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run, And wash in a river and shine in the sun. This gives the image that Tom might have just seen the light and his darkness has been replaced by hope. It is a sad image but it brings hope for Tom like a kind of heaven. To have pure innocence and the freedom in the sun. I dont think this is just Toms view, I also believe this is William Blakes view on how he wished it could have been for him when he was younger. In the fourth stanza William writes of the little boys being naked and all white as if their innocence and purity which was taken away from them has come back. He writes how they rise above the clouds perhaps on their way to heaven and how Tom had an angel; which seems like a guardian angel who says if Tom is a good boy he will have God as his father and will never want joy. However this angel could be seen in a dark way, as the Angel of death, but Tom and William decide not to view it in this dark way and try to look to the positives. This shows Tom looks to God for help and wisdom, he believes in his faith and one day wants to be up there with God. The sixth stanza talks of how Tom sadly awoke from his dream and rose in the dark, collected his tools and went off to work. William writes Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm; So if all do their duty they need not fear harm. I think this is showing how much Tom looks up to the heavens above and at God, as he believes one day he will be up there with the almighty people. He believes if he carries on doing his job and his duties, he will be happy and he need not fear harm as God is protecting him. I think this is also what William believed. William believed he was blessed by God and everything he saw and did was for a reason. Tom I also think believes this. That God is the only one that can help. He can bring the little childrens innocence and purity back and free their souls. The poem ends in hope for Tom and perhaps William. The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) This is very much a darker and more savage vision than that of The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence). Religion plays a big part in this poem and a lot is related to God. William talks of a neglected child and how religion has affected the child. The first stanza talks of the child looking for his mother and father, as they have gone up to the church to pray. From this first stanza it seems the childs parents are religious and look to God for help. The second stanza is in the past tense and talks of the child being happy upon the heath, smiling in the winters snow but then being clothed in the clothes of death; which he means the dark chimney sweeping clothes that have a sense of death. William writes about how the child was forced to work and taught the notes of woe. This is a sad image, as it seems the little child used to be happy and free, but was sent to work as a chimney sweeper and there he learnt the world of sadness and fear. He found out how to cry and be sad which once upon a time he did not know what sad was. However he has been taught to put on a front, to try and cover his sadness and woe with a happy smile so others cannot see that his condition is a sad one. It is like he is playing with death and any moment he could be gone. He feels mentally dead and inside he cannot feel anything but emptiness. In the third stanza, the child talks of how he tries to be happy by dancing and singing; giving the impression to others he is a happy youngster who is looked after well. This is not the case though as William writes: And because I am happy and dance and sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to Praise God and his Priest and King, Who make up a heaven of our misery. The child is extremely depressed yet it seems no one can see it. He puts on a front to please people but deep down he has been hurt by everyone around him; his parents and God. He has been caused injury and pain and does not see the point in life. He makes himself look happy when in fact inside he is dead already. He has turned his back on God as he feels God has deserted him. He wants to know how the almighty God can bring such pain and hurt to such a young boy who has looked to him for help. God is meant to be there for help and advice, what God can make a child feel so depressed and sad that he feels on the inside he is dead already? He sees heaven as a place of miserable people, not happy but sad. Heaven was what The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) was mostly about and how he was looking forward to seeing God and going to Heaven with the angels. However in Songs of Experience he has totally changed his view on life and his perspective of God and the afterlife. He sees no poi nt in living at all-there is no hope in this poem. Just the darkness of a young child. I think this is how William Blake felt about life, after the fall of the church, how it seemed spirits were blackened by politicians and the way society changed for the worse. William is Tom and Tom is William. William used to believe in God and once looked up to him, but when William saw what was happening to society, he wondered what God would allow such bad and harsh things to happen. God is meant to be all good, no evil, but William wants to know how God can allow such terror and pain. No one is happy anymore. Why would God make everyone sad and full of woe? William wants the answers but he cannot find them so he decides the only option is to desert God like he believes God has deserted him. The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) has a lot more hope than The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) and talks of angels and Heaven as being a good place where no one is sad. William writes about God becoming Toms father if he does his duties. There is hope for Tom at the end of the poem and gives a good outlook on Toms life. However, The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) brings a completely different perspective of life and overshadows the innocence. All hope is gone and the sadness and woe is back. God has deserted them, so why should they carry on believing in him when he only seems to be hurting them more? The Chimney Sweeper (songs of Innocence) has been written in the view of a young child who is new to the world. He has been taught to believe that God is pure and innocent and will look after him. That is how the people of society have brought up their children and want them to remain hopeful. Yet The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) has been written by a more experienced person and shows how all these hopes and dreams have been fake and are not going to happen. The reality is how can there be a God if there are so many people in pain? You get two very different sides with these two poems and two very different comparisons on someone who once had hope who know has no hope. Comparing The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) with The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) is almost like a much lighter version of The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience). In Songs of Innocence, The boy who is focused on is called Tom and in the second version in Songs of Experience, the boy is unnamed, its as if he has lost his identity as he has grown up. In Songs of Innocence, Tom seems to be new to the world and unknown. He is fresh and is curious about the world; however he is thrown in to a job he does not like and shown the miseries it can cause. Even though this poem shows the downside and trauma it can cause to a child; it also brings hope. Even when Tom is down it talks of angels letting all the children in despair free and fulfilling their dreams. Compared to The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) it does not really contain any hope or joy. It talks of sad and dark images; there are no dreams and there is no optimism. This shows the comparison as although it is sad, it does bring a little bit of hope to Tom, as he i s young he has dreams that it will be better as time goes on. However it seems Songs of Experience focuses on the dark side of life basically portraying the image of insecurity and misery. Songs of Experience talks of churches and people going to pray making the reader thing happy thoughts but what Blake is really trying to say is that god is not all what he seems. If God was so great, why are people in poverty? Why are people dieing and put in these situations? He used to believe that God was there but as hes grown up hes realised that God has not helped him and as time has gone on he has lost his faith. This perhaps reflects William Blakes view on how on he was opposed to the monarchy and the church. These two poems in comparison show William Blakes faith in God beginning and ending. It shows his journey of why he has to come to the point where he no longer feels God is important and will support him. This is a sad journey and he has used a character called Tom; who I think represents William Blake as a child to portray this. He want it to be known how he feels but I think for some unknown reason he uses Tom instead of the word I because he wishes to be unknown, religion has seriously affected him and in extreme words damages him. He wants people to realise and understand what he has been through yet he cannot bring himself to be direct as in those days, the monarchy and church had extreme effects on society. To speak out against it would almost be a sin itself. William Blake also uses the words I was in The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) as if it is something he used to be, used to believe in. He is writing about the past and he wishes it to remain the past, whereas The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) talks of the present and the hopes for the future so there is a comparison in tenses. The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) is also a lot shorter than Songs of Innocence. There are only three stanzas where as Songs of Innocence has six. This perhaps shows that as William Blake has lost his faith in God, he has also lost the words to describe this. There is nothing left for him to write about God and he shows this by only writing three verses. The Lamb The Lamb is a sweet and innocent poem that portrays the image of the world being beautiful and pure. It is all very sweet and touching. William writes about a lamb; who is an image of happiness and feeling content. The Lamb is good and brings no evil. William is saying that God can and has the ability to make beautiful creatures. The Lamb I think symbolizes the young and the less experienced as everything seems perfect and nothing can go wrong. William sees the Lamb as an Angel of God and I think this is how he saw God when he was young. He saw God as a wonderful and pure thing that he could always rely on. This is the image portrayed to children. William talks of Gods blessing. He asks the question Dost thou know who made thee? and at the end of the poem he answers the question by saying Little Lamb God bless thee. Meaning God made the Lamb so perfect. The Tiger The Tiger is almost a complete opposite to The Lamb. It raises profound questions but does not finally answer them unlike the Lamb. As in the Lamb it was showing the purity and innocence, yet the Tiger seems to show the hatred and terror of God. It shows the way that life can start so simply everything being perfect, but then turn sour when you least expect it. In the first stanza William writes about an evil tiger that is feared by everyone. He writes that there is no creature or human that dare touch or go near the mighty tiger. God has created something evil that seems to have shocked William. God created the beautiful lamb with its innocence and purity yet God has created something so evil and devilish. So unlike him. William is trying to say that life seems so perfect at first with everything going right, well you think it is going well because you dont know better because you are not experienced, but as you become more experienced you recognise that everything that seemed good wasnt. It is like you have been fooled for most of your life believing in something that is not what it seems in Williams case God. In the fifth stanza William writes: When the stars threw down their spears, And waterd heaven with their tears, Did he smile His work to see? Did he who made the lamb make thee? William is writing that he feels God felt the need to balance the beautiful and innocent creatures with evil creatures. You need the balance of good and evil for the world to go round but do you need this much evil? This much hurt and pain? William wants to know whether the person who made such a sweet and wonderful creature could make such an evil horrible creature. Life cannot just be a sweet lovely experience; you need to have scary experiences to balance it out. Life cannot be too nice so some evil is needed but it depends how much. Comparing The Lamb and The Tiger: The Tiger and The Lamb are the same but opposites. Opposites attract and together the Lamb and the Tiger make life. For nature to have harmony, there has to be a natural balance. William is showing the Tiger represents all the things the lamb is not, and the Lamb represents all the things the Tiger isnt. William feels betrayed, he has studied a faith for most of his life that he believed in, but he feels he has been proved wrong. God isnt evil but thats all William can see in front of him. He feels he has been fooled all of his life until he became more experienced and started thinking for himself to work out life isnt all lovey dovey. The Lamb talks of the purity and sweetness of God hence the Lamb, but in the Tiger, William has come to his own conclusion that God has created evil when he is not supposed to do so. He feels God has taken away his innocence so he will take away his belief from God. The comparison between The Lamb and The Tiger cannot be more apparent. They are totally different animals that portray different images to the world. William Blake knew this and just knowing the titles of the poems gives you an idea of the differences. William Blake I think wanted the differences to be obvious to others so they can really understand how he has lost his faith and why. The Lamb contains two stanzas which are quite long but happy. It is set out as if it is a nursery rhyme and should be spoken joyfully. You do not even have to read it to recgonise this yet in The Tiger there are six stanzas set out like text in a book. It looks a bit duller compared to The Lamb and is definitely not set out as a nursery rhyme. There are a lot more descriptive words than in The Lamb as The Lamb contains more simple rhyming words which are easy to say, making the poem flow with ease possible portraying the easy side of life. The Tiger in comparison is showing the hard side of life and how not everything is what it seems. The Lamb seems to be welcomed with open arms yet The Tiger seems to be feared. This poem shows how God created evil compared to the pure, innocent Lamb God also made. The question William Blake wants to know is what God can create evilif he is meant to be all good? It is like people have been fooled and he is the only one that recognises this. The symmetry of the two animals is shown as a love and hate relationship between God. The Tiger poem is longer and more meaningful than The Lamb poem and I think this is because William Blake wants to express what he has seen and learnt whilst growing up; it is an experienced piece of writing and much longer as he has more to comment on. The Lamb represents the youth and how when young you are oblivious to the world and its meaning yet as you grow up it becomes noticeable and there are a lot of things you find out which are expressed in The Tiger. Comparing The Chimney Sweeper with The Lamb The Tiger The Chimney sweeper shows how a little boy (Tom) views the world and his society. He talks of hope and happy things until he realises as he becomes more experienced that life isnt how it seems. You see the poem in the eyes of a chimney sweeper who is doing a dangerous job and who does not understand society. This chimney sweeper once looked to God for hope until he realised that there wasnt any. When he realised this he turned his back on God and lost the will to live. In the Lamb and the Tiger, William writes about a beautiful creature that has been created so perfect and sweet but then he talks of the evil tiger who is feared by most. This shows how once he thought life was like the Lamb, full of love and innocence yet as he became older he comes to terms with the fact God created both good and evil and he cant accept this. To him for most of his life, God was great. Nothing could harm him if God was there but to him this was all fake. This was not the reality he was in. Both poems are focused around society and God. They both result in William coming to terms that all is not what it seemed. Tom is William Blake when he was younger and is open about his feelings and his religion. The Lamb and the Tiger symbolise William when he is older and how he feels. How society has affected his religion dramatically. I think it is sad that William seems to have lost all belief in the one thing that kept him sane for a while. William Blake wants a God that is pure and innocent, not a touch of evil. Evil is not God, evil is for the devil. William couldnt have what he wanted as he saw a God that creates good and bad and didnt see the point in it so he turned his back on religion and I think all these poems really clearly show this and how perhaps political decisions caused a backlash to him.

Intimate Encounter Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Intimate Encounter I needed a weekend away from the all too humdrum existence of day-to-day living. I decided that a good diversion might be to hike the Appalachian Trail for a weekend. After class on Friday, I ran to my car so that I could begin this wonderful divergence from daily life. The parking lot at Carver’s Gap, my destination, finally came into view as I drove up US 19E. Across the road, a short wooden fence separated me from my wonderful weekend of adventure. From the second I reached the parking lot, I realized that this hike, a great way to escape from reality for a weekend, awaited me upon the trail I saw dwindling in the distance. Due to my college freshman regimen of a bad diet and no exercise, the first bald I climbed winded me. At the summit of this little hill, however, a great vista gently caressed my eyes, as the natural beauty of Tennessee flowed over me. Verdant hills broiled before me, bubbling away into the distance to pop upon the backs of monstrous mountains. The sweet aroma of the few vibrant flowers on the flat plateau, and the intoxicating sensation of the breeze pawing at my hair, made the scene picturesque and serene. After gaping in awe for several minute, I turned my back from one beautiful landscape only to find my self at another. The harsh winds of the balds blew around me as I came upon the testaments of the winds power. The tree line appeared as a mass of gnarled, knotted, dead looking trees, the guardians of the forest. The harsh winds had over the years, deformed the trees here at the barrier between the lush forests and the vast plateau behind me. The path wound through the gnarled guardians and the true beauty of my hike soon greeted me. The lush, vibrant fall colors on th... ... as my hike the day before had. The secluded intimacy of the forest stunned my sense and made me feel as if I were apart of a land no man had before seen. As I passed the guardians of the forest, those gnarled, knotted, crooked trees overlooking the balds, I bid them farewell and a thank you also, for protecting the secluded interior forest from the harsh winds of the balds. My car squatted in the parking lot like a bug on a blackened, cooled, lava flow. I dreaded going back to my normal life after enjoying a weekend of such freedom and pleasure. Duties and obligations began to flitter though my mind as I once again began to think like an insect in a hive. I looked back over my shoulder, fondly remembering the freedom the wonderful weekend blessed me with, and vowed that I would once again return to experience the pleasure and seclusion that lay hidden therein.

Greek Culture Essay

The Greek culture is one of the richest ancient cultures in the world. There are many aspects of this culture that has made it remain unique for centuries. The Greek culture has been evolving over the years and we can easily link this ancient culture with the modern day life. This will be the center of our discussion below where we’ll also look at ways in which one can understand the Greece culture better (Christiane. 2001). What makes Greek Culture Interesting? One thing that distinguished that Greece culture is the diversity. While many cultures of the time had only one ethnic group, the Greek culture had a number of cultures within one culture making it unique. The major characteristics of this culture were wines, food, religion, music and language. Greece culture was known to value traditions and customs very deeply. Every person in Greece was expected to follow these traditions to the letter. Religion was also crucial in the Greek culture with the largest population being made up of Christians while the rest were Muslims. The Greek culture was also famous for its architecture. The Greek people had unique designs of building various structures like temples and churches. The famous pyramids of Egypt have their origin in Greece. The Greek people are known of being proud of their culture as they view it as one that represents their nationality (Carol. 2008). Connections between the Greek Culture and Today One of the major connections that is seen between this ancient culture and the modern society is the celebration of religious festivals. This culture which is very common in today’s society began in the Greek culture and is still being practiced to date. The arts of the ancient Greece have survived the test of times and it is still used in modern day society as decorations (Christiane. 2001). The art of the Greek culture is commonly available in form of sculptures in today’s society. Yet another aspect that has been borrowed by the modern culture from the Greek culture is the building aspect. Almost all churches, mosques and temples in the modern day society have borrowed the designs from ancient Greek culture. The theatres and cinemas that are common in today’s society also originated from the ancient Greece. Perhaps due the fact that this culture is popular and famous throughout the world, it has evolved and is lowly finding its way in almost every culture of the world. This culture is greatly values as it is seen as link between the ancient society and today’s society (Carol. 2008). How to Understand the Greek Culture Better In order to understand the Greek culture better it one needs to read widely regarding this particular culture. Unlike other ancient cultures, the Greek culture has many sources from which one can learn and understand this ancient culture better. It is important to have background of this culture as it was one of the richest ancient cultures, and one which has survived the test of times as there are many aspects of this culture that have been borrowed by the modern culture. In order to enhance the Greek culture in the modern society even further it is important to embrace diversity just as it was in the Greek culture. There was harmony in this culture and people from many diversities lived together happily. References Carol. D. et al. (2008). The cultures within ancient Greek culture: contact, conflict, collaboration. New York: Cambridge University Press. Christiane. S. (2001). Reading’ Greek culture: texts and images, rituals and myths, New York: University of Virginia: Clarendon Press.

Immanuel Kant †Ethics Essay

Immanuel Kant was born in Konigsberg, East Prussia in 1724. He attended the Collegium Fridiricianum at eight years old where he was taught classicism. Then he went to the University of Konigsberg where he spent his career focusing on philosophy, mathematics, and physics. When his is father past away, Kant left the university and earned his living as a private tutor. In 1755 he returned to the University to receive his doctorate in 1756. Immanuel Kant remained at the University teaching for 15 years. He received his tenure at the University in 1770, where he stayed for the next 27 years. In 1792 he was barred from teaching or writing on religious subjects do to his unorthodox approach in his teaching by King Fredrick William II. He returned to teaching after the king had passed away five years later. In his retirement he published a summary of his views on religion. Immanuel Kant passed away in 1804. Immanuel Kant was widely known for his categorical imperative theory. Categorical imperative is how one determines one’s duty, what principles are proper, and which are not. Doing one’s duty for the sake of duty itself is better than simply acting in agreement with one’s duty. Telling the truth in order to benefit yourself is acting in accordance with duty and not acting for the sake of duty. The categorical imperative states, â€Å"Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will it should become universal law(Keele, 2008). † Maxim in this sentence is the moral part of your action. Categorical imperative tells us it is immoral to make an exception of our self. Just like my mother would say treat and act as you would want others to treat and act towards you. In the news I view an article about â€Å"School knife attack poses ethical dilemma for daily. † In this article they talk about the Worcester New identifying a schoolboy as a suspect. The news published the boy’s name and picture on Facebook putting the boy’s life at risk. After the boy was found the news took down the boy’s picture at once. Everyone was perplexed by this situation asking why they put picture up and then took it down. According to the Worcester News, the situation change, where they were trying to find the boy to stop him from hurting himself or others and then to protecting the child. Would the newspapers actions have been ethical according to Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative? First let’s take a look at the reasons why they did it. The newspaper stated they put his picture up to protect him and other, then took down to protect him. I believe they were acting in the best of society myself by putting the information up. According to Immanuel Kant’s theory they were acting in accordance with their duty. They had a duty to let the public know what was going on to protect other students and teachers If they didn’t act with such speed would the boy have been found so soon? I think not! This boy could have went on a killing spree and if the Worcester News didn’t report it they would not have been acting in the best of society and would not have been doing their duty. But then to take down the information I feel is unethical. They don’t take down any information when it comes to any other person involved in a crime. Immanuel Kant stated that it is immoral to make an exception of yourself. The Worcester News should hold to the same standards as any other crime they report. I understand that they are trying to protect the boy, but if you are going to report any other crime and not take it down this should happen in the same way. In conclusion, based on my research I feel that Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative theory is important to our society today. It holds everyone to the same standards! He has help to maintain a set of standards for our society that requires everyone to be treated the same. The study of ethics is important in today’s business and government world because it sets standard for all to abide. From John Locke’s right theory to Kohlberg’s moral development stages. They all 1 / 2 set standards in which business need to stay within. If there were no standards there would be more scandals in the news than there is. References Britannica. (2014). Immanuel Kant. Retrieved from http://www. philosophypages. com/ph/kant. htm. Keele, Lisa. (2008, The Categorical Imperative of Immanuel Kant. Retrieved from https://www. suite. io/lisa-keele/ypd2fk. Linfold, Paul. (2014, September 28). School Knife Attack Poses Ethical Dilemma For Daily. Retrieved from http://www. holdthefrontpage. co. uk/2014/news/school-knife-attack-poses-ethical- dilemma-for-daily/ POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).