Motivational Theories and Factors - 863 Words

Motivational Theories and Factors According to DuBrin, â€Å"†¦motivation is an energizing force that stimulates arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior† (2004, p. 121). It is the force inside the individual and process which allows us to get others to put forth effort. There are many motivational theories that can be used to motivate others (DuBrin, 2004). In the workplace, managers may need to find ways to motivate their employees. Three ways a manager might motivate their employees are: Setting goals, using operant conditioning to change behaviors, and using monetary incentives. These may all be used to motivate employees (DuBrin, 2004). Goals are what motivate us and others to strive to achieve accomplishments either set by†¦show more content†¦Vroom does not attempt to explain a person’s motivation like Maslow. Instead, he explains how people arrive at decisions to achieve the end they value. Both can be motivated by needs and self-esteem (Scholl, 2002). While financial incentives can be a good motivational tool, it can also have drawbacks. By offering monetary, promotions, or employee benefits to employees, it can increase an employee’s performance and production. However, the drawbacks to this are: a decrease in teamwork and inequitable rewards. If a person is working toward a goal to receive a monetary reward, he will most likely be less of a team player due to competition with coworkers. If monetary rewards go by income, a person who makes less will receive less monetary rewards than someone who receives a higher salary. An example of this is profit sharing (Ehow Money, 2012). Sometimes it may be better to have monetary rewards given as a team effort or equitable financial rewards for the same job performance. References DuBrin, A. (2004). Applying Psychology (8th ed.). Retrieved February 12, 2012, from http://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/0558415482/pages/12389142 Ehow Money (2012). Pros and Cons of Incentive Plans. Retrieved February 13, 2012, from http://www.ehow.com/info_7978256_pros-cons-incentive-plans.html Motivation Types (2009, August 23). Employee Motivation Theories and Types.Show MoreRelatedMotivational Theories and Factors844 Words   |  4 PagesMotivational Theories and Factors Joyce Clary Psy 302 Industrial / Organizational Psychology Dr. John Moore August 30, 2010 Stress and conflict in the workplace can cause major emotional and physical damage to the facility and workers. In the past, there have been reports of tragedies caused by disgruntled workers who may have clocked in with a gun in hand. We are going to look into ‘three motivational theories including the relationship of stress and conflict in relationRead MoreWestern Health System Case Study1424 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat features, but to truly asses the program one first has to understand motivation, motivational theories, and the current issues at hand. Motivation is derived from an internal force that provides an individual the opportunity to achieve their needs or goals. People are motivated by a variety of things and often have different motivating factors. Employers should be mindful of individual motivating factors when attempting to motivate staff to increase performance. While some people may be motivatedRead MoreMotivational Methods Paper1089 Words   |  5 PagesMotivational Methods Paper Rhonda Rohde HCS/325 September 10, 2012 Kelli Reid Motivational Methods Paper This paper will provide information about three motivational methods I as a manager will apply to my organizational department which must be downsized. This information will include motivational techniques used to implement the change within my department. It will also include theoretical concepts from the textbook, Health Care Management and outside resources to support the theoriesRead MoreMotivational Theories Of A Motivational Theory885 Words   |  4 Pages Motivational Theories in Leadership By: David Cortez What is a motivational theory? A motivational theory is a concept that describes the activation of goal-oriented behaviors in humans. There are many motivational theories in leadership but I will only focus on three of them which are the Motivation Theory, McClelland’s Theory of Needs, and Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Two Factor Theory). Being a motivational leader means getting your employees to move with a desire for improvementRead MoreHcs 3251342 Words   |  6 PagesMotivational Methods Paper Kerri McCaughey HCS/325 November 2, 2010 Professor Suwannee Srisatidnarakul, RN, MSN, CCRN Motivational Methods Paper Motivation most certainly plays a huge role in the workplace, therefore, it is imperative to understand fully the basic theories and methods, and of course how to apply these theories and methods to everyday workplace scenarios. These motivational skills and techniques will definitely play a key role for leaders and or managers, knowing howRead MoreEmployee Motivation in the Workplace1504 Words   |  6 Pagesworkplace. The authors examined several motivational theories and put forward their ideas on the concepts and application of motivational techniques. The authors’ work provides insight into the psychology of motivation and the different factors and theories that affect it. My conclusion is in line with the authors’, motivated employees are needed for the organisational survival and just like our constantly changing environment and each individual is different, motivational techniques need to be continuouslyRead MoreThe Motivational Theories Of Abraham Maslow And Frederick Herzberg1106 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivate their staffs to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively. Many psychologists understand the importance of motivation in the industry; they worked on various motivational theories which could help employers to have a fruitful and productive employee. According to Feldman, motivation is a factor that direct and energize the behaviors of humans and other organisms, in other words, an inner state that stimulates us to fulfill a goal, something that gets us doing something. OurRead MoreThe Current And Predominant Trend Of Job Satisfaction And Work Motivation873 Words   |  4 Pagesmanaged establishments such as Starbucks; the most important factor of quality and productivity are workers. An efficient organization will recommend a concept of commitment and satisfaction among its workers at all times. There are many motivational theories such as Maslow Hierarchy of needs, Herzberg two factors Theory, Motivational theory X and Y. Now we are taking Herzberg two factor theory as the base of this research. This theory was developed by Frederick Herzberg. Herzberg was a psychologistRead MoreMotivation Theories Of A Diverse Workforce During Times Of Change Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership, Motivation, Change Introduction In this paper two motivation theories in a diverse workforce during times of change will be discuss. Differences, including theoretical premises, between two models will be explained. Details relates to challenges and opportunities in a diverse workforce will identified. Strategies to keep a workforce motivated during organizational change will be point out. Two Motivation Theories To begin this discuss a definition of motivation is presented. MotivationRead MoreThe Four Motivational Theories Within The Video Resources925 Words   |  4 PagesDefine and summarize each of the four motivational theories presented in the video resources. According to the provided YouTube video, the Hertzberg motivation theory states that people are influenced by motivators and hygiene factors. Hygiene factors refers to pay, benefits and company policy. Dissatisfaction is the result of hygiene factors, meaning that if pay, benefits and company policy are inadequate, employees will most likely be dissatisfied. Motivating factors refers to achievement, promotion

Prevention of Adolescent Drug Addictions - 1408 Words

Prevention of Adolescent Drug Addictions Abstract Drug addictions among today’s adolescent is climbing to an all-time high rate. Parents need to become more proactive in the prevention of their children becoming addicted to drugs. However, parents alone cannot handle this overwhelming task, the local schools and the community will need to take action also. Together this is a possible task, team work and consistency will prevail and save adolescents from being drug addicts. Prevention of Adolescent Drug Addictions Today’s adolescents are becoming addicted to drugs each day. At some point this trend must be stopped. If it is not the future of the youth is meek. Parents must be held responsible for being the†¦show more content†¦is a collaborative effort of the essential components of a community: students, parents, schools, law-enforcement and community leaders. D.A.R.E. places specially trained peace officers in classrooms to deliver sophisticated, science and evidence-based curricula teaching students good decision-making skills to help them lead safe and healthy lives. Originally created to address illicit substance experimentation and abuse, D.A.R.E. has evolved into a comprehensive kindergarten-12th grade and community program addressing drugs, violence, bullying, internet safety and other high risk circumstances that are a part of the daily life of students.† This program has divided the grades K-12 into sub sections; they in turn gear the information to each sub section then. There are presentations on methamphetamine, prescription/over-the-counter drug abuse, bullying, cyber bullying, gangs, and internet safety (dare.org). In fact D.A.R.E. is such an important part of our communities now that President Obama recently spoke about the program. April 8, 2010 President Barack Obama had this to say, â€Å"Every day, young Americans face pressures to engage in violent activities, drug us, and other harmful behavior. Today, we reaffirm our commitment to empowering our children to resist violence and substance abuse. Drug dependence affects individuals from all backgrounds, and it debilitating effects often go unaddressed. Too many of our families are afflicted by addiction, and too many liveShow MoreRelatedYouth Drug Use And Addiction1677 Words   |  7 PagesYouth Drug Use and Addiction Youth in the United States face challenges every day, some more than others. These challenges can be difficult to navigate and can leave these young people finding alternative ways to cope with the stress that accompanies these challenges. According to CBS News reports a recent survey indicates approximately two million teens between the ages of 12 and 17 currently need treatment for a substance abuse problem, but only about 150,000 get the help they need. This highRead MoreDrug Addiction Problem1399 Words   |  6 PagesSolving the Problem of Drug Addiction 1.Drug abuse and addiction continues to be a global issue. According to the â€Å"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime† (UNODC), about 5% of the global population used an illicit drug in 2010 alone, and about 27 million or 0.6 percent of the adult population of the world can be categorized as drug abusers. A7 2.This paper explores some of the measures that can be taken to resolve the drug addiction problem in the world. 3.Addressing various risk and protectiveRead MoreAdolescent ´s Drug Abuse on the Rise737 Words   |  3 Pagesmillion adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12-25 that abuse and use drugs in the U.S. 90 % of these need treatment and are unable to get the help they need. Drug use is highest among individuals in their late teens. In the U.S, there are approximately 60.6% of youths that are dependent, or abuse drugs.In the U.S. alone, the related public health, social services, public safety, and lost of productivity cost society $465 billion a year (NSDUA, 2009). The damage that addiction inflictsRead MoreFood Addiction Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe addiction I chose to write about this week is a food addiction/compulsive eating. A food addiction is obsessive-compulsive relationship people have with food. Eating food is both vital and important in our everyday lives to give our bodies the nutrients, vitamins and calories that it needs. â€Å"Compulsive overeating, a lso referred to as food addiction, is characterized by an obsessive-compulsive relationship to food† (Karim, 2012, p. 7, para. 2). When people overeat, they engage in episodes of uncontrolledRead MoreAlcohol And Drug Addiction Among People Of Different Ages861 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol and drug addiction are two important topics in today’s society. Alcohol and drug addiction affects people of different ages with different backgrounds and ethnicities. There are many researches and studies regarding underlying reasons and roots of these issues. Just as many other addictions, these addictions have psychological, biological, and sociological roots to it. This paper will discuss research findings regarding the main points, roots and underlying reasons of alcohol and drug addictionRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Addiction814 Words   |  4 Pagesand drug addiction affects people from all walks of life. Drugs are available to those who want to consume them. Even though there vast amounts of literature and other informative and preventive data, people still choose to abuse drugs. Unfortunately, most of them become addicts and find it very difficult to escape their addiction for the reason that underlying issues may be causing them to seek and use drugs. There exists a number of special populations that are identified and may use drugs to copeRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Addictions Among Adolescence947 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse and Addictions Among Adolescence Substance abuse and addictions among adolescence is a problem among this age group. Adolescents go through major stages in life and are faced with stressful issues that can lead to experimenting with drugs. Experimenting with drugs can lead to for an adolescent to abuse the substance as well becoming addicted. Not only can a adolescent can become addicted to a substance but he or she can have issues with the brain developing properly. Spiritual developmentRead MoreAddiction essay summary1093 Words   |  5 PagesTeens all across the world are facing addiction; they are becoming addicted to drugs and alcohol. It’s happening right under our noses whether they are getting it from their house, grocery stores amp; pharmacies, even at schools and parties. Teen addiction comes with a lot of consequences anywhere from jail time to even death. It is important to watch for signs such as blood shot eyes, knowing how to prevent it from happening in your teens life, find out all the trea tment plans for you teen if itRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse : Drug And Free World1508 Words   |  7 Pages(â€Å"Prescription Drug Abuse Statistics – Overdoes Deaths – Drug-Free World,†n.d.) A 2007 survey in the United States found that 3.3% of 12 to 17 years olds and 6% of 17 to 25 year olds had abused prescription drugs in the past month (â€Å"Prescription Drug Abuse Statistics – Overdoes Deaths – Drug-Free World,†n.d.) Prescription drug abuse causes the largest percentage of deaths from drug overdoses (â€Å"Prescription Drug Abuse Statistics – Overdoes Deaths – Drug-Free World,†n.d.) Of the 22,400 drug overdoseRead MoreThe Health Care System As A Whole951 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the effect of the issue/topic on the health care system as a whole. Drug abuse is an illness of the brain, and it has a negative impact on the body system. It weakens the immune system making is difficult for the body to fight diseases. Drug use also affect other organs of the body which includes the heart, liver kidney and the brain. This illness can cause paranoid, aggression, impaired judgment, hallucination and suicidal ideations. The statistics available shows that annual number of

Alexander The Great Was The Greatest War Leader, Genius,...

Throughout history, Alexander III of Macedon, commonly referred to as Alexander the Great throughout history, has been thought of by many to be an enlightened thinker, multiculturalist, an ambitious, egotistical tyrant, and conqueror through evidence recorded, and passed along through generations. It is arguable, through evidence, that Alexander the Great was the most successful, greatest war leader, genius, and ruler there ever was. Many argue that he took over different pieces of land for the wrong reasons, and wanted to control the people in a way that a monarchy would. This may be due to his strategies that were not only were in his best interest, but also helped to accommodate others’ needs, such as the commoners or citizens of different villages and towns he conquered over time. Other war generals and rulers, who lived during the same time period, or even past Alexander’s reign, or death, copied and mimicked his strategies that he used with people of other countries that he had conquered, and during times of war and expansion of his empire. To this day, people still study his war strategies and how he thought. Alexander knew how to communicate with the people, and offer something in return to get what he had wanted. As a young boy at the age of 13, Alexander III of Macedon was tutored by Aristotle, a famous Greek philosopher, who was also in charge of Peripatetic school, in which his father hired. Aristotle lived from 384-322 BCE. Aristotle was taught byShow MoreRelatedAlexander the Great: Strenghts and Weaknesses as a Person, Statesman and Leader1357 Words   |  6 Pagescenturies, Alexander the Great has held an eminent place in history. Arguably one of the greatest men the world has ever known, the Macedonian King accomplished many great feats in his short, but glorious life. During his reign, Alexander played several roles in the process of conquering the Persian empire, and in the assessment of his character, aspects of Alexanders capabilities of both strengths and weaknesses must be explored in him as a person, a statesman and a leader. Alexander was a complexRead MoreQ - Does Alexander the Great deserve to be called the Great?1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe greatness of Alexander III, as he was originally, has been disputed in the past. His legend has survived for thousands of years, and his name is well-known, but just how great was he? In answering this question it is necessary to define the terms deserve and great. For these purposes, to deserve will mean to be worthy of. Great has many meanings, and will be defined as: important; grand; distinguished; remarkable in ability or character; competent; or above what is normal, with implied admirationRead MoreThe Death Of Alexander, The Egyptian Pharaoh Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesPtolemy, Alexander’s general who became the Egyptian Pharaoh following the death of Alexander, narrates the story at an old age to scribes in Egypt. Ptolemy, a primary source for many of the events in the history of Alexander, did, in fact, write down his accounts of those events. Unfortunately, those documents no longer exist. Understandably, the film does not attempt to cover all of the battles in which Alexander and his troops fought, rather it basically covers two of the major battles in spectacularRead MoreDid Genghis Khan Be The Greatest Conqueror And Military Leader Of All Time?1635 Words   |  7 PagesCould Genghis Khan be the greatest conqueror and military leader of all time? He was born, Temujin, circa 1162 A.D. and died in 1227 A.D. and was raised by his mother from a young age, after the death of his father. One would have to consider the chances of this unlikely accomplishment. A child born into a world of tribal violence into an outcast family with no formal education or guidance only exposed to deprivation, hunger, cruelty and only focus was on self preservation without any promiseRead MoreEssay on Alexander The Great1620 Words   |  7 Pagesstand out in the same degree as that of Alexander the Great. He was a warrior by 16, a comman der at age 18, and was crowned King of Macedon by the time he was 20 years old. He did things in his lifetime that others could only dream about. Alexander single-handedly changed the nature of the ancient world in just over a decade. There were many attributes that made Alexander â€Å"Great.† He was a brilliant strategist and an inspired leader; he led by example and was a conqueror at heart. In looking atRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Alexander the Great2170 Words   |  9 Pagesand present historian’s analysis of one of the greatest leaders in the history of the ancient world. Alexander, son of Philip the II, king of Macedon is brought to light with many different opinions. Was this man the ruthless ruler that brought down empires and siege cities while killing innocent in droves? Was he a gracious man of honor that sought to unite the ancient world? Perhaps he was a mad man who thought of himself as a God and his conquest was sought in vein. These are some o f the questionsRead More Augustus Caesar: The Greatest Ruler in the Ancient World Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pages In the ancient world, some men were born into greatness while others dedicated their life to becoming great. Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar was part of the latter due to his achievements that set the foundation for an empire devastated by civil war. Despite the turmoil of the Roman Empire after the assassination of his adoptive father, Julius Caesar, he led Rome to social, political and economic prosperity and stability. His military tactics marked the beginning of a dynasty that saw a massive expansionRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1839 Words   |  8 Pagesconsequential† (dictionary.com). So, using that criteria as judgment, is Gatsby actually great? Historical figures that are considered â€Å"great† add perspective to the controversy of that question, making a model or guidelines for someone to be thought of as â€Å"great†. Jay Gatsby shares the title â€Å"great†, as these leaders do, yet may not fit the mold. Why? That is a sticky subject. Formerly known as James Gatz, Gatsby is â€Å"great† in that he pursues a dream until his death, something many people can’t do; howeverRead MoreEssay Napoleon2888 Words   |  12 Pagesemperor or a brilliant war strategist. Maybe both are right but in whatever conclusion any person comes to, they will know he was a small man who accomplished many great things. Napoleon conquered countries and developed a mass empire, which led to his celebrity like fame. He was a man that respected cultures and every religion and even cried when his men died on the battlefield. Bonaparte was an amazing person who drove himself with great ambition to become one of the greatest leaders ever in history.Read MoreThe Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius Massive Empire2518 Words   |  11 PagesIndo-European migrations, they set the foundation for the later g reat Achaemenid empire. 2. Persepolis pg. 162 The capitol and administrative center of Darius massive empire. Significance- The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure, and buildings of the era, a massive monument to Darius empire. 3. Satrapies pg. 163 A form of government that allowed people, called satraps, selected by the ruler to govern smaller areas, similar to states and governors. Significance-

Middleware Essay Example For Students

Middleware Essay Word Count: 454 In the past several decades, a trend has emerged where mid to large size corporations have needed to integrate their existing mainframe systems with their newer PC based information systems. With this shift in focus toward PC based communications and productivity software that became available on the market, companies scrambled for ways to tie PCs and mainframes together. This created the need for middleware. Companies discovered that the hardware and programming, involved in maintaining mainframe systems, was too costly to replace overnight. In addition to the expense, the applications in place for the most part served their purpose and appeared to be much more stable than the personal computers. They maintained master files for customers as well as inventory levels, generated bills and invoices and, with the right programmer and vision, the mainframes could extract just about any information that managers needed. As PCs became more prevalent for a fraction of the cost and with the development of the Internet and a global network, PC applications with productivity software such as Microsoft Office and connection to the Internet have become imperative in almost every business setting. As these resources became available, users such as employees could now access information easily and instantly, share information simultaneously, and communicate both externally and internally through electr onic mail. The questions then arose concerning what to do with the expensive mainframe systems and how to permit the PCs to interact. Middleware has become the solution to this problem. A middleware program is an interface between an application and a server. The most useful are those that allow access to the vast resources stored on the highly developed and expensive mainframe databases with a simple user friendly program, like a web browser. Another example is what Kaiser Permanente implemented to ease the ordering and monitoring of prescriptions. Kaiser bought a NetWeave middleware solution to tie its VAX pharmacy systems to a Tandem master subscriber database to allow subscribers to dial in prescription orders from their touch-tone phones. NetWeave gives us an illustration of how middleware works below. You can find more information on NetWeave at www.netweave.com. It is clear that with the rapid shift in business focus to pc-based information systems, which the demand for scalability and information on-the-fly, will create a huge demand for middleware. It allows an end-user to access information that before only a programmer could. Then, maybe he would generate another program that send the information to a report that would be printed then distributed. Middleware puts that information directly in the minds of the end-users in real-time. It creates a whole new group of informed users pulsating through the nerves of the corporate digital nervous system.

How i celebrate christmas free essay sample

Decorations And Lightings During christmas time in India, our family decorates the whole house with lightings and decorations. We also set up a nativity set which is a major tradition to us. Lights are a vital part of celebrating christmas for Indians as they symbolize brightness and liveliness, we even have a festival of lights called, diwali. Red and green are the traditional colours of christmas. Green represents the continuance of life through the winter, green represents the nature; the christmas trees are green. Red symbolizes the blood that Jesus shed at His Crucifixion. We believe that lights overcome darkness meaning the good would always triumph over the evil. Stars are also hung which symbolizes the bright star of Bethlehem. Arranging the nativity set is also a tradition passed through our generations, many of the young children and even older people come together to help out. It is used to represent the birth of Jesus christ. We will write a custom essay sample on How i celebrate christmas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The little ones also act out the story of Jesus’ Birth by dressing up characters from the story, it is a real fun to watch them! Family Gatherings On Christmas day, our family comes together to celebrate Jesus’ birth, it is usually held at a hall. We share many Indian food and eat together. Family is a huge factor about Christmas, our custom teaches our whole family to come together, this means all our relatives including friends, distant relatives and so on. Even if we dont come together for Easter or other celebrations, it is compulsory and important to gather for christmas. When we all come together it symbolizes great unity and strength, it means we will never separate. Dance Dance and Music is a major part of Indian culture, we cannot celebrate a  special occasion without it, whether it is; birthday, weddings or even Christmas! We believe that dance is a way of expressing feelings of happiness, anger, sadness and so on. Dance makes the whole place lively and exciting and it gets the whole crowd moving. Music also strengthens the area and adds an extra pump to the dance routines. Thinking back to Jesus’ Birth, the angels gathered along and sang and danced of happiness.

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Essays

Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Essays Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Paper Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Essay Paper In the drama written by Sophocles. Oedipus the King. there are several cases of sarcasm. Dramatic sarcasm. or tragic sarcasm as some critics would prefer to name it. normally means a state of affairs in which the character of the drama has limited cognition and says or does something in which they have no thought of the significance. The audience. nevertheless. already has the cognition of what is traveling to happen or what the effects of the characters actions will be. The grade of sarcasm and the consequence it has depends upon the readers’ appreciation and acknowledgment of some disagreement between two things. Our first gustatory sensation of dramatic sarcasm comes really early into the drama when Oedipus vows to convey to justice the slayer of Laius. which is in world himself. When he learns that the delivery of justness of Laius’ killer will free the metropolis of a awful pestilence. he sets forth with a program to track down the slayer. Oedipus begins to cuss the slayer and vows: Oedipus: As for the condemnable. I pray to God – Whether it be a lurking stealer. or one of a figure – I pray that that man’s life be consumed in immorality and misery. And as for me. this expletive applies no lupus erythematosus ( 968 ) This is really dry. as Oedipus is so. without cognition of the truth. speaking about himself. Another illustration of dramatic sarcasm is the power of destiny and Oedipus’ impotence against it. Throughout the drama we are cognizant of Oedipus’ destiny and we realize there is nil that he can make to alter it. When Oedipus tells his metropolis after listening to their supplication for aid against the awful illness and pestilence that has taken over the metropolis: Oedipus: I know that you are deathlike ill ; and yet. Sick as you are. non one is every bit ill as I. ( 963 ) The audience understands the truth and the sarcasm in that statement. Oedipus should non worry about himself going ‘sick’ for he is already infested with the illness. A 3rd illustration of the sarcasm of Oedipus is the fact that Oedipus seemed to be unsighted and deaf to the truth. He appears to be on a valorous hunt for the truth and justness of the slayer of Laius. yet refuses to hear the truth when it is spoken to him. In order to hear the truth Oedipus needed to be able to hear and construe it. yet he merely heard what he wanted to hear. Therefore rendering him unable to understand the enigma of who he genuinely was. In this drama at that place seems to be a changeless twine of sarcasms throughout. Oedipus is in denial of the truth. In his dramatic addresss he misconstrues the information that he has been given by Teiresias. every bit good as Creon and Iocaste. The dismaying realisation that the prognostication of the Sphinx is in fact the truth. causes Oedipus to blind himself. The audience therefore pities him. which is a consequence of the usage of dramatic sarcasm. The usage of sarcasm in a drama allows the author to do their audience want to see how the events which are happening. mentally affect the chief character. even if they already know how the narrative will stop. as in Oedipus the King. Kennedy. X. J. . and Gioia Dana. â€Å"Oedipus the King† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction. Poetry. and Drama. 2nd edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. 2000. 960-1005.

Democracy History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Democracy History - Essay Example Leaders are chosen to represent the citizens’ interests in parliament and hence they (parliamentarians) should be accountable for their behavior in parliament. Elected leaders should listen to the people whom they represent and address their issues as expected. Passing a law in parliament requires support of the majority although the minority rights are also protected. Democracy also requires that elections are conducted in a free and fair manner, through the adequate training of political party agents and officials who conduct the process (Spragens, 240). The role of the citizens is to be a public eye on how elected leaders are conducting themselves in office and give their opinions. It is the duty of all citizens to vote wisely, campaign for a particular candidate, protest against bad governance, and attend communal meetings. Meanwhile, participation should be voluntary and therefore devoid of coercion. In respect of democracy, all citizens are entitled to rights which shoul d not be violated by anyone. The rights are contained in the international law which comprises of freedoms that citizens must enjoy including freedom of worship, expression, movement, association, assembly and culture. They are obliged to exercise these rights without violation or discrimination while at the same time respecting the rights of others. In democracy, the rule of law protects the citizens and their rights, and helps in the maintenance of order even as it controls the powers of the government (Spragens, 240). Reason Immanuel Kant defines reason as human beings’ ability to recognize material and immaterial self identify and understand issues, distinguish between facts and fiction, and judge propositions, comments and beliefs (Kant 15). Reason defines the nature of human beings for it is concerned with thinking processes, intelligence, and cognition. It is related to the concepts of science, language, mathematics, art and psychology. The ability to reason is referre d to as rationality, hence human beings are said to be rational beings. A person who cannot reason is irrational. Therefore, according to Kant, rational beings should be able to understand themselves, distinguish between right and wrong, true and false, as well as fact and opinion. Kant maintains that the highest level of reasoning is achieved when human beings are able to establish universal laws. He says, â€Å"act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should be a universal law† (Kant 32). In a democratic society, individuals are free to accomplish their own objectives as they wish so long as they are governed by principles of reason which Kant called the ‘categorical imperative’. An action is only justified if it can fall under universal laws  in Kant’s view (Kant 30). Since reason is part of human nature, human beings have the right to live politically. Unlike other animals, human beings are the only ones endowe d with an innate capacity to acquire language and express their thoughts, ideas and feelings (Kant 34). Speech justifies what is pleasant or not, fair and unfair, or harmful and harmless. When treated fairly, human beings are the perfect animals but when denied their rights, they are the worst. When they lack morals, food and sex, they become perverse. Fair treatment is a political aspect and provision of rights is something of a societal organization. Reasoning helps people decide the type of community that is best for them (Kant, 30). Reason and